However, the achievement of three-dimensional (3D) complex organ structures is far from being tangible. Several efforts have been made, by research groups spread worldwide, to tailor bioengineering scaffolds (sometimes denominated by tissue constructs) that could mimic native tissues. Targeting to regenerate the bone, cartilage, skin, or other tissues and organs, bridging the anatomy with its physiology/function is a paramount challenge to be solved. Only the complexity of human tissues could justify that in the 1980s tissue engineering emerged as a scientific field with an enormous potential. The health sciences are naturally a priority area of research, mostly because of the impact they have on the augment human life expectancy, by developing advanced and patient-specific therapies. In a society that is in constant development, the discovery of “new” scientific and technological knowledge must (i) progress at an incredibly fast pace, (ii) target a wide audience, and (iii) have a practical impact in the society. Moreover, new insights will be pointed out. The following topics will be discussed: scaffold design, biomaterials and scaffolds bioactivity, biofabrication processes, scaffolds biodegradability, and cell viability. It is well known that mechanical properties play significant effects on biologic behavior which highlight the importance of an extensively discussion on tailoring biomechanical properties for bioengineered scaffolds. Relevant literature on bioengineered scaffolds for regenerative medicine will be updated. The proposed chapter is a qualitative review over the biomaterials, processes, and scaffold designs for tailored bioprinting. However, we are far from having patient-specific tissue engineering scaffolds that mimic the native tissue regarding both structure and function. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as promising fields to achieve proper solutions for these concerns. ![]() A total of over 63,000 patients were officially placed on organs’ waiting lists on 31 December 2013 in the European Union (European Commission, 2014). This is a multidisciplinary field that involves basic and preclinical research and development on the repair, replacement, and regrowth or regeneration of cells, tissues, or organs in both diseases (congenital or acquired) and traumas. The vision to unravel and develop biological healing mechanisms based on evolving molecular and cellular technologies has led to a worldwide scientific endeavor to establish regenerative medicine.
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